The report on the university system released last April 19, la Corte dei Conti assolve all’obiettivo di "offrire al Parlamento un quadro conoscitivo degli attuali profili finanziari e gestionali del sistema universitario” (p. 10) e sancisce il sostanziale fallimento della riforma dei corsi di studio universitari – quella che prevede l’articolazione dei titoli in lauree triennali e lauree specialistiche (il cosiddetto "3+2") nonché l’introduzione del sistema dei crediti – che, secondo il referto, “non ha prodotto gli effetti attesi, soprattutto per una mancata visione d’insieme" (p. 101). La Corte denuncia soprattutto la "proliferazione dei corsi di studio attivi" (p. 104) e delle "sedi decentrate, le quali oltre a far lievitare i costi dell’intero public finance system, often in an inefficient manner to meet demand for training waiting "(p. 106). Such a judgment on the current structure of our university system - keeping in mind the authoritativeness of the source - apparently contributes to creating the political capital required to make further reforms, some of which are also in the pipeline.
Not all of the reform "3 +2", however, be thrown out. This is demonstrated by the analysis of data on enrollment and enrollment is provided annually to the Ministry of Education , University and Research from private university evaluation. When assessing the effect is produced with an approach that is concerned to highlight the impact of the reform compared with an estimate of what would happen to the world the Italian university without its introduction - and not only record what is coming after its implementation - in fact emerge more results1. First, it is true, first, that the reform has increased the number of degree courses. On the other hand it is also true, however, that in the first phase of implementation of the reform, that is, until 2004, the strategy of diversification of the faculty has been awarded an increase of almost 3% growth rate registered each additional degree.
At the same time the introduction of "3 +2" has resulted in an increase in the rate of growth registered between 8, 3% and 9.6% in the first year of reform, and between 12.2% and 14.7% in the second, more than an estimate of the trend of registrations that would be registered with the permanence of the former university structure. These increases are not followed, until 2004, any subsequent reduction in the level of registrations. In comparison with the projection of the trend seen with the old order, the reform was also responsible for a significant increase in retention rates of students in the faculties in which they were enrolled (an increase of 30% if calculated in two years from registration, del 15% se calcolato a tre) nonché di una crescita (quantificabile tra il 6% e il 25% a seconda dell’indicatore) del tasso di immatricolati che si laureano in corso.
Questi risultati, registrati in una prima fase di attuazione della riforma, costituiscono una stima attendibile dei suoi effetti netti per quanto concerne il trend delle immatricolazioni, il tasso di permanenza degli studenti nei percorsi di studio e la percentuale di essi che si laurea in corso. Ciò in quanto, per tale periodo, ha buona validità il confronto con la proiezione di quanto si sarebbe registrato con il precedente assetto universitario; elemento, questo, che serve a distinguere meriti e demeriti della riforma da variazioni che si sarebbero comunque produced even in the absence of the latter and this can not be attributed. It therefore seems that in a country like Italy, suffering from a chronic lack of education, reform of the "3 +2" has produced positive effects that should not be sacrificed in the dark than simply cost containment. Pursue efficiency in the management and use of public financial resources is commendable; identify with saving at any cost, can be dangerous.
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